Source: https://tesseralytics.dev/datasets/gold_positioning_1h

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# Positioning & flow (hourly)

Pro

`gold_positioning_1h` hourly snapshots, partitioned per (coin, month)

gold\_positioning\_1h is hourly Hyperliquid open-interest and positioning data, derived from the full two-sided perp ledger — total open interest, long-vs-short account skew, per-side concentration, whale-cohort net position, and the taker flow behind each change. Download the history as Parquet or query it through the Tessera API.

Because the perp ledger is a closed system — every long is someone's short — the signal lives in asymmetries, not in a net total that is always zero. These aggregates measure who is crowded (head-count skew), who is concentrated (per-side share), and who is big (the whale cohort), plus the taker flow that moved each of those since the last snapshot.

What you'd use it for: Tracking open-interest trends, gauging crowded or concentrated positioning, and spotting squeezes and capitulations from whale and taker-flow shifts.

Timing · `time` (1h)

\`time\` is the instant the positioning snapshot was taken (~top of the hour, UTC). The snapshot aggregates (open interest, concentration, whale, head-counts) are point-in-time AS OF \`time\`. The attribution and taker-flow fields are BACKWARD-looking: they sum over the interval (previous snapshot, time\] — the hour ENDING at \`time\` — so the whole row is knowable at \`time\` and is safe to act on without look-ahead. This is the OPPOSITE labelling to gold\_ohlcv\_1m, whose bars are start-labelled; align the two by lagging OHLCV one bar.

[Get a free API key](https://tesseralytics.dev/account) [API reference](https://tesseralytics.dev/api-docs)

## What it looks like

Sample data for BTC, charted from the same Parquet the API serves.

Open interest (BTC) · BTC · sample

Whale net position · BTC · sample

## Data dictionary

29 columns, every one documented. The same table is served by `describe_dataset` to an MCP client and by `/v1/catalog/gold_positioning_1h` over HTTP.

### Core aggregates

snapshot · as of timestamp

| Column | Type | What it means |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `time` | timestamp\[us\] | The hour this positioning snapshot was taken (UTC). |
| `coin` | string | Which market this row is for. |
| `open_interest` | float64 | Total size of open positions in the market — how much risk is on the table. Rising OI means new money committing; falling OI means positions being unwound. How it's computed: Two-sided open interest = (long\_oi + short\_oi)/2. long\_oi == short\_oi by the ledger identity, so this is the single OI figure. |
| `n_long_positions` | uint32 | How many wallets are currently holding a long. |
| `n_short_positions` | uint32 | How many wallets are currently holding a short. |
| `n_unique_users` | uint32 | How many distinct wallets have a position at all — the breadth of participation. |
| `account_ls_ratio` nullable | float64 | Long accounts divided by short accounts. Above 1 means more wallets are long than short (crowd leaning long by head-count). Extreme readings often mark crowded, vulnerable positioning. How it's computed: n\_long\_positions / n\_short\_positions — the long/short \*account\* ratio (crowd direction by head-count). NULL when no shorts. |
| `top10_long_share` nullable | float64 | How much of the long side is held by its ten biggest accounts — high means the longs are a few whales, not a broad crowd. |
| `top10_short_share` nullable | float64 | The same concentration measure for the short side. |
| `concentration_skew` nullable | float64 | Whether shorts or longs are the more concentrated side (short share minus long share). Positive means the shorts are the whale-heavy side — the ones more prone to a squeeze. How it's computed: top10\_short\_share - top10\_long\_share; >0 when shorts are more concentrated than longs. NULL when either side is empty. |
| `hhi_gross` nullable | float64 | A standard market-concentration score over all exposure — high when a handful of accounts dominate the whole book. How it's computed: Herfindahl–Hirschman concentration index over gross exposure. |
| `whale_net_position` | float64 | The net direction of the biggest accounts (top 10% by size). Positive means the whales are net long. This survives the zero-sum ledger because it's a sub-group, so it's a genuine 'smart money' tilt signal. How it's computed: Net signed szi of the top 10% of accounts by |szi| (the whale cohort). Signed: >0 = whales net long. Non-degenerate because it sums over a sub-population, not the whole zero-sum ledger. Divide by open\_interest for an OI-relative skew. |
| `whale_long_account_share` nullable | float64 | What fraction of the whale cohort is on the long side, by head-count. How it's computed: Fraction of the whale cohort net long, by head-count. NULL when empty. |
| `n_whale_accounts` | uint32 | How many accounts make up the whale cohort this hour (the top 10% by position size). How it's computed: Whale cohort size = ceil(0.10 \* n\_unique\_users), floored at 1 when non-empty. |

### Attribution — what changed since the previous snapshot

window ending at timestamp

Head-count deltas versus the prior hour: how many wallets opened, closed, or flipped sides. This is the raw churn behind the positioning change — useful for telling a quiet drift apart from a violent reshuffle.

| Column | Type | What it means |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `d_open_interest` | float64 | Change in open interest since the previous snapshot — net risk added or removed over the hour. |
| `n_new_longs` | uint32 | Wallets that opened a fresh long this hour. |
| `n_new_shorts` | uint32 | Wallets that opened a fresh short this hour. |
| `n_closed_longs` | uint32 | Wallets that closed a long this hour. |
| `n_closed_shorts` | uint32 | Wallets that closed a short this hour. |
| `n_flipped_l2s` | uint32 | Wallets that flipped from long to short — a sentiment reversal, one wallet at a time. |
| `n_flipped_s2l` | uint32 | Wallets that flipped from short to long. |

### Taker-flow rollup — aggressive flow over the hour

window ending at timestamp

| Column | Type | What it means |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `aggressor_delta_1h` nullable | float64 | Net aggressive buy-minus-sell pressure summed over the hour — the hourly version of CVD's slope. How it's computed: Σ aggressor\_delta over the window — net taker buy−sell pressure (windowed CVD). |
| `net_taker_open_1h` nullable | float64 | Net new aggressive directional risk: long opens minus short opens by takers. The single headline 'which way is the aggressive money leaning' number for the hour. How it's computed: Σtaker\_open\_long\_vol − Σtaker\_open\_short\_vol — net aggressive new directional risk. The headline signed positioning-flow figure. |
| `oi_opened` nullable | float64 | Aggressive volume that opened positions this hour — flow-implied risk coming on. How it's computed: Σtaker\_open\_long\_vol + Σtaker\_open\_short\_vol — flow-implied OI added. |
| `oi_closed` nullable | float64 | Aggressive volume that closed positions this hour — flow-implied risk coming off. How it's computed: Σtaker\_close\_long\_vol + Σtaker\_close\_short\_vol — flow-implied OI removed. |
| `flow_vs_snapshot_oi_residual` nullable | float64 | The gap between the OI change we saw and the OI change taker flow can explain. What's left is mostly the maker side — passive positioning you can't see directly in the trade tape. How it's computed: d\_open\_interest − (oi\_opened − oi\_closed). Reconciles snapshot ΔOI against flow-implied ΔOI (flips folded in); residual ≈ maker-driven OI, unobservable from taker fills. |
| `taker_flip_l2s_1h` nullable | float64 | Aggressive long-to-short flip volume — a capitulation tell (longs giving up and flipping). How it's computed: Aggressive 'Long > Short' flip volume (close-long + open-short legs) — capitulation signal. |
| `taker_flip_s2l_1h` nullable | float64 | Aggressive short-to-long flip volume — a squeeze tell (shorts giving up and flipping). How it's computed: Aggressive 'Short > Long' flip volume (close-short + open-long legs) — short-squeeze signal. |

### Provenance

key / provenance

| Column | Type | What it means |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `bootstrap_source` | string | Housekeeping flag for how the first row of the month was seeded from the prior month. Ignore unless auditing continuity. |